In the famous March, 1913 suffrage parade in Washington, D. C., organized by Alice Paul and the Congressional Union of the NAWSA, Terrell marched with the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority from Howard University, assembled in the area reserved for Black women. Jack Hansan. United States. National American Woman Suffrage Association, - Out of this union formed the National Association of Colored Women, which became the first secular national organization dedicated to the livelihoods of black women in America. Phylon (1960-), Vol. She learned about women's rights while at Oberlin, where she became familiar with Susan B. Anthony's activism. She signed the charter that established the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. Anti-Discrimination Laws, National American Woman Suffrage Association, National Association of Colored Women (U.S.), Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, Mary Church Terrell Papers: Subject File, 1884-1962; Amenia Conference, Amenia, N.Y., 1916, Mary Church Terrell Papers: Subject File, 1884-1962; American Association of University Women, 1946-1953, Mary Church Terrell Papers: Subject File, 1884-1962; Americans for Democratic Action, 1947-1954, Mary Church Terrell Papers: Subject File, 1884-1962; Anthony, Susan B., ceremonies in honor of, 1940-1941, Mary Church Terrell Papers: Subject File, 1884-1962; Bethel Literary and Historical Association, Washington, D.C., 1895-1896, A Colored Woman in a White World (Selection 1), A Colored Woman in a White World (Selection 2), A Colored Woman in a White World (Selection 3), A Colored Woman in a White World (Selection 4), A Colored Woman in a White World (Selection 5), - 2 (2nd Qtr., 1982), pp. Their half-siblings, Robert, Jr. (18851952) and Annette (18871975), were born to Robert Sr.'s third wife, Anna Wright. On Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Incs Founders Day! During WWI, Terrell offered her linguistic services to the federal government and managed to obtain a low-level clerk position despite facing severe discrimination from recruiters. Terrell was instrumental in building Black womens clubs into a national movement for reform in the Black community, and the impact of the Black womens club movement was politically significant. Mary Church Terrell developed greater public speaking skills which were commonly employed in addressing crowds about the progress of colored women, the inaccuracy of racial stereotypes, and the brutality which lynching and other practices posed against blacks. [5] He made his fortune by buying property after the city was depopulated following the 1878 yellow fever epidemic. 1920. Thank you for visiting our website. Terrells lifelong commitment to liberating Blacks from oppression did not stop with her significant club work and advocacy of suffrage. She is credited with having encouraged her daughter to attend Antioch College Model School in Yellow Springs, Ohio, for elementary and secondary education, because the Memphis schools were not adequate. African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920. 6589. Douglass, making the case that her talent was too immense to go unused, persuaded her to stay in public life. 67, No. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. The two were married in 1891 in great celebration but faced difficulty in the first five years of the marriage since the couple had three children who died soon after birth. (Delta Sigma Theta) They were urged on, according to some. She was the first president of the National Association of Colored Women. Continuing her studies at Oberlin, Terrell earned her master's degree in Education four years later, in 1888, becoming (along with Anna Julia Cooper) one of the first two black women to earn an MA. December 3, 1842-April 13, 1919), Alva Erskine Smith Vanderbilt Belmont (1853-January 26, 1933), Nellie May Quander February 11, 1880 September 24, 1961, Media Advisory: Dedication of the Turning Point Suffragist Memorial, Two Silent Sentinels Inducted into Connecticut Womens Hall of Fame. Comments for this site have been disabled. Mary Church Terrell Papers: Subject File, -1962; Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, 1927 to 1943. The younger Church continued to accumulate wealth by investing in real estate, and purchased his first property in Memphis in 1866. [1][7] The Southern states from 1890 to 1908 passed voter registration and election laws that disenfranchised African-Americans of their right to vote. Today, we recognize and celebrate the many amazing contributions of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. . Her activities were varied including administration of a black school district and Congressional appropriations requests for D.C. schools. His first marriage, to Margaret Pico Church, began in 1857, ended in 1862, and produced one child, Laura. (n.d.). After the chapter refused to amend its bylaws, the AAUW's national office filed a lawsuit in federal district court on Terrell's behalf, but lost the case. Because of Terrell's strong support for Black women's education, she later received an honorary degree from Howard and became an . She was widely published in both the Black and white press. Retrieved fromhttps://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/terrell-mary-church/. Physical and Mental Health
She was born on September 23, 1863 in Memphis, Tennessee. A tireless champion of women's rights and racial justice, Terrell was especially active in the Washington, D.C. area, where she lived for much of her life. They were the only African-American women's group to participate. In 1892, Terrell was elected president of the famous Washington, D.C. Black discussion group Biography of Gertrude Lynde Crocker, 1884-1969, Mary Elizabeth Donegan (April 18, 1895-1969), Phoebe Apperson Hearst (ca. There are many posts on this blog. I didnt realize that I would end up feeling at home at one of the chapters. [17], Terrell's, autobiography, A Colored Woman in a White World (1940), accounts her personal experiences with racism.[18]. She was born Mary E. Church to a family of former slaves in Memphis, Tennessee. Terrell also came to know Elizabeth Cady Stanton in 1893, around the same time she met Susan B. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as In 1886, she was offered a position teaching at M Street Colored High School in Washington, D.C. and began working with Robert Heberton Terrell in the foreign language department. In explaining her Oberlin College experience, she said it would be difficult for a colored girl to go through a white school with fewer unpleasant experiences occasioned by race prejudice than I had. In 1886, she was given a job teaching in Washington, DC at the M Street Colored High School, working in the foreign language department with Robert Heberton Terrell. Welcome! [35] In 1948 Terrell won the anti-discrimination lawsuit (against the AAUW) and regained her membership, becoming the first black member after the exclusion of people of color within the DC chapter. To improve her language competency, Mary Terrell took a two year absence to study in France, Switzerland, Italy, and Germany. When I made my way to Syracuse University, I saw the houses with the Greek letters that edged Walnut Park, and wished I could tour them. Even though the women of Delta Sigma Theta had to march back of the line and endure the added negativity due to their race, they still marched. She was one of the first African American women to attend Oberlin College in Ohio, earning an undergraduate degree in Classics in 1884, and a graduate degree in Education in 1888. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, Black History Records listed by Record Group Clusters, Search the Catalog for Records relating to Mary Church Terrell, Social Networks and Archival Context - Mary Church Terrell, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. She founded the National Association of College Women which became the National Association of University Women. However, Terrell and Ida B. She lived to see the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, holding unconstitutional the racial segregation of public schools. This dynamic group of women have remained at the Tarrah Wade, MBA no LinkedIn: Today, we recognize and celebrate the many amazing contributions of Delta Race relations, - Young Women's Christian Association, - - 1943, 1927. Terrell earned her bachelor's degree in 1884. Credit Line: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Mary Church Terrell Papers. Mary Church Terrell was a prominent public figure in Washington, DC. Cook was elected president. "A Plea for the White South by a Colored Woman". Amherst, N.Y. : Humanity Books, 2005. Retrieved from http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/people/terrell-mary-church/ []. [] jhansan. We are a small chapter that has grown from 22 members to now 47 strong. "The Washington Conservatory of Music for Colored People". Copyright var year = new Date(); Mary Church Terrell, the "face of the African American women's suffrage activism," served as a mentor to Howard University's new Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, whose members organized themselves in order to take an active role in politics and reform movements, starting with their participation in the march. She went from being President of Alpha Kappa Alpha to being president of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. November 9, 1988 Omega Phi Chi This dynamic group of women have remained at the Tarrah Wade, MBA on LinkedIn: Today, we recognize and celebrate the many amazing contributions of Delta The Library presents additional materials pursuant to fair use under United States copyright law. Free for commercial use, no attribution required. Mary was a founder and charter member of the National Association of Colored People in 1909 and the College Alumnae Club, which became the National Association of University Women, in 1910. She walked picket lines and sued the District of Columbia under legislation passed during the Reconstruction era! "Mrs. Eisenhower Lauds Work of Mrs. Terrell,", Last edited on 31 December 2022, at 12:43, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, National American Woman Suffrage Association, disenfranchised African-Americans of their right to vote, Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. - 1943, 1927. She encouraged the ladies to be more than just a social club, but to be activists. Smithfield Alumnae Chapter has built a legacy of unwavering commitment to servicing and addressing the needs in the Town of Smithfield and the counties of Isle of Wight and Surry by promoting academic excellence, focusing on scholarship, encouraging social action, maintaining staunch political involvement and providing programs and services to meet the concerns of the community. It sounded like a plan. Anti-Discrimination Laws, - Today, we recognize and celebrate the many amazing contributions of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. She was one of the first African American women to graduate with a Bachelors degree, rather than a 2-year ladies degree. RUSH. While in England, she stayed with H. G. Wells and his wife at their invitation. The daughter of former slaves, Terrell was an 1884 graduate of Oberlin College. LOUDOUN COUNTY, VA The former executive director of the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority pleaded guilty to embezzling more than $150,000. Founder Soror Myra Davis Hemmings. African Americans--Societies, etc, - On a number of occasions, Anthony and the association allowed her to speak on suffrage and its relation to colored women. Her connection of the two issues led to an eventual involvement in Delta Sigma Theta. Upon graduation, Terrell secured a position at Wilberforce University where she taught for two years. The Negro Genius: a New Appraisal of the Achievement of the American Negro in Literature and the Fine Arts. In 1892, Terrell was elected president of the prominent Washington, D.C. black debate organization Bethel Literary and Historical Society, the first woman to take the position. Mary Church Terrell, ca. Mary Church Terrell Papers: Subject File, -1962; Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, 1927 to 1943. [1] It was the week before the NACW was to hold its annual meeting in Annapolis, Maryland near her home in Highland Beech. Her parents were prominent members of the black elite of Memphis after the Civil War, during the Reconstruction Era. Women at Howard University formed the Delta Sigma Theta sorority in 1913 to focus on civic initiatives for African Americans. . In the three years pending a decision in District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co., Terrell targeted other restaurants. This dynamic group of women have remained at the Tarrah Wade, MBA LinkedIn: Today, we recognize and celebrate the many amazing contributions of Delta Mary Church Terrell was a civil rights and women's rights activist. Born in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1863, the year of the Emancipation Proclamation, Mary Eliza Church was part of a changing America. After declining a third re-election, she was named honorary president of the Association. Shelby County, Tennessee, Property Records LR 55, page 95. Terrell's mother, Louisa Ayres, is believed to be one of the first African American women to establish and maintain a hair salon, frequented by well-to-do residents of Memphis. In describing her experience at Oberlin College, she believes it would be difficult for a colored girl to go through a white school with fewer unpleasant experiences occasioned by race prejudice than I had (Terrell, p. 45).Terrell was voted class poet, involved in the Aelioian literary society, given access to orators, singers, and orchestras, generally treated well by professors, and had her articles published in the campus newspaper, Oberlin Review. Mary Eliza Church Terrell was a renowned educator and speaker who campaigned fearlessly for women's suffrage and the social equality of African Americans. She inspired and mentored the women. Terrell was instrumental in integrating the American Association of University Women. She was given a degree from Oberlin College in 1948, and an Honorary Degree from Howard and the Universities of Wilberforce. As the war was winding down, Terrell and her daughter Phyllis joined Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, of the National Women's Party, to picket the White House for women's suffrage. Awards like the honorary Ph.D. from Oberlin College in 1948 in humane letters or equivalent honorary degrees from Howard and the University of Wilberforce appeared to motivate Terrell deeper into motion. Mary Church Terrell Papers: Speeches and Writings, 1866-1953; 1947, Jan. 11 , Celebration of the 34th Anniversary of Delta Sigma Theta | Library of Congress Manuscript/Mixed Material Mary Church Terrell Papers: Speeches and Writings, 1866-1953; 1947, Jan. 11 , Celebration of the 34th Anniversary of Delta Sigma Theta About this Item Image Lecturers, - Social Welfare History Project (2012). Jeanine Arnett, who was previously the chief of staff for . Dodd Mead & Co., 1937. ", "Dignity and Defiance: A Portrait of Mary Church Terrell", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Church_Terrell&oldid=1130686355, One of the first African-American women to earn a college degree, 5 (one adopted, three died in infancy) including. Terrell, Mary Church. I was the last person anyone would have suspected of joining a sorority in college. 1948 Oberlin awarded Terrell the honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters. Oberlin College Archives. Mary Church Terrell. National Woman's Party, - Terrell, Mary Church. Her tactics included boycotts, picketing, and sit-ins. Manuscript/Mixed Material. in the early 1900's. She assisted in the formation of the sorority, by contributing her prestige in sponsorship and the writing of the Delta Oath. National Purity Conference, - "Society Among the Colored People of Washington". In 1875, Marys parents moved her to Oberlin, Ohio to attend Oberlin public school from eight grade to the end of her high school education in 1879. Terrell marched with the delegation from new York City, while the Delta Sigma Theta sorority women of Howard University, whom Terrell mentored, marched with the other college women.[7][27]. In 1892, she was elected as the first woman president of the prominent Washington DC black debate organization Bethel Literary and Historical Society. hailed from Gonzales, Texas. [7], Mary Church Terrells father was married three times. During this new biennium, we will continue to assess the needs of the community to ensure that our efforts improve the areas we serve. When two major African American womens clubs merged to become the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) in 1896, Terrell was elected its first president. Nearly two months after its founding, on March 3, 1913, the women took part in the historic suffrage march in Washington, D.C. Smithfield Alumnae has a place for you. Local federation chapters also developed homes for the aging, schooling for girls, clinics, and other support networks during Terrells tenure, and it was recognized as the leading black womens organization in the United States. Her connection to black leaders expanded, and W.E.B. The association and Anthony had allowed her to talk about suffering and its relationship with colored women. Her relationship with both problems led to potential interest in Delta Sigma Theta Sorority. He is considered to be the first African-American millionaire in the South.[6]. Transcript: TEXT Download: Text ( all pages )JPEG (483x411px) JPEG (967x822px) https://www.loc.gov/item/mss425490265/. So, consider joining us at a chapter meeting or at a community event. Dignity and Defiance: A Portrait of Mary Church Terrell (documentary film). Awards like the honorary Ph.D. from Oberlin College in 1948 in humane letters or equivalent honorary degrees from Howard and the University of Wilberforce appeared to motivate Terrell deeper into motion. She taught high school, was a principal, and was appointed to the District of Columbia Board of Education. [7] Terrell remained in Oberlin throughout her college career, opting to take the four-year gentlemans course instead of the expected two-year ladies course, earning her B.A. Her husband died in 1925, and she spent the rest of her life in Washington, D.C. She published her White World Colored Woman autobiography in 1940. Terrell accepted a number of invitations to speak before white groups, advocating the vote for Black women. Topics: african americans, civil rights, educators, terrell family, coordinating committee for the enforcement of the dc anti discrimination laws, national american woman suffrage association, national association of . MARY CHURCH TERRELL (1863-1954) . By Edith Mayo, for the Turning Point Suffragist website African American Women Leaders in the Suffrage Movement. Terrell was a member of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and picketed at the White House. [34] Shortly after her marriage to Robert Terrell, she considered retiring from activism to focus on family life. Culp, Daniel Wallace. Jones, B.W. [3][4] Her paternal great-grandmother was of mixed descent and her paternal grandfather was Captain Charles B. November 26, 1825 Kappa Alpha Society She gained respect and notoriety for her speechs content and form; Terrell had made the speech in German and French and given the audience a look into a world they had never imagined. "What It Means to Be Colored in the Capital of the United States". Before then, local integration laws dating to the 1870s had required all eating-place proprietors "to serve any respectable, well-behaved person regardless of color, or face a $1,000 fine and forfeiture of their license." In an article for the Crisis in 1915, she strategically compared the plight of Blacks and women. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration It also started a training program and kindergarten, before these were included in the Washington, DC public schools. Educated at Oberlin College where she earned both an undergraduate and a Masters degree, Mary Church moved to the nations capital to teach at the famous M Street High School where she met and married the principal, Robert Church. Patricia Roberts Harris (May 31, 1924 - March 23, 1985) was an American politician, diplomat and legal scholar. To improve her language competency, Mary Terrell took a two year absence to study in France, Switzerland, Italy, and Germany. Watson, Martha Solomon. Later it aided in issues related to the demobilization of black servicemen. As described in The Delta Story for the Biennium, 1954-1956, the sorority's emphasis and motivation comes from being a "sorority that had its origin among Negro women confronted as they were with what Mary Church Terrell described as the double handicap of race and sex." Please use our contact form for any research questions. Then-51 year-old Terrell became an honorary member. [1][37] Terrell was a leader and spokesperson for the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the District of Columbia Anti-Discrimmination Laws which gave her the platform to lead this case successfully.[38]. In 1895, Mary Church Terrell was selected as one of the three posts reserved for women by the District of Columbia Board of Education. Vol. Jones, B.W. Today, we recognize and celebrate the many amazing contributions of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. The following year, Terrell became president of the newly formed National Association of Colored Women. In 1913 Terrell joined the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, which had recently been formed, at Howard University. She never passed as white at Oberlin, which was founded by abolitionists and accepted both white and black students even before the Civil War. [3][36], In 1950, Terrell started what would be a successful fight to integrate eating places in the District of Columbia. Mary Church Terrell was instrumental in organizing black women to march in the Women's Suffrage Movement. Image 19 of Mary Church Terrell Papers: Subject File, 1884-1962; Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, 1927-1943 DELTA TAKES STEPS TOWARD NATIONALIZATION Six years had passed since DELTA SIGMA THETA became a chartered sorority in Washington DC Five chapters of the Sorority were functioning in peace and harmony realizing. Then-51 year-old Terrell became an honorary member. Terrell worked actively in the women's suffrage movement, which pushed for enactment of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. When she returned to Washington, D.C., Mary and Robert kept working together, and their friendship blossomed. Together, these three Oberlin graduates grew to become lifelong colleagues and highly regarded activists in the movement towards racial and gender equality in the United States. She helped write its oath and became an honorary member. Researchers should watch for modern documents (for example, published in the United States less than 95 years ago, or unpublished and the author died less than 70 years ago) that may be copyrighted. Terrell died at the age of 91 just days before the Brown v. Board of Education ruling that reversed the separate but equal stance that she had seen come and go. Mary Church Terrell had two daughters and successfully managed a family with her husband Robert in the midst of her continued speaking, writing, and teaching engagements. [31] She wrote for a variety of newspapers "published either by or in the interest of colored people,"[32] such as the A.M.E. Church Review of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; the Southern Workman of Hampton, Virginia; the Indianapolis Freeman; the Afro-American of Baltimore; the Washington Tribune; the Chicago Defender; the New York Age; the Voice of the Negro; the Women's World; the North American Review and the Norfolk Journal and Guide. She died in 1954. [31] She also contributed to the Washington Evening Star and the Washington Post. Women--Suffrage, - Upon returning to Washington, D.C., Mary and Robert continued to work together although the relationship became increasingly personal. Delta Sigma Theta Satin Jacket. Website designed, developed, maintained and Search Engine Optimization by Intelligent Evolution, Inc. On September 23, 1863, renowned civil rights activist Mary Church Terrell was born in Memphis, Tennessee. C. Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander. She assisted in the formation of the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority at Howard University in 1914, accepted honorary membership, and wrote the Delta Creed, which outlined a code of conduct for young women. She became a leader of the Black communitys social and civic life, and the first African American woman appointed to the school board in the District of Columbia. [10] She graduated alongside notable African-American intellectuals Anna Julia Cooper and Ida Gibbs Hunt. Mary Church Terrells boundless energy had been shaped by pioneers like Frederick Douglas, brought into the struggle for womens suffrage and the welfare of black women, and culminated in her early contribution to a movement that would directly challenge formal segregation across the country. In 1888 she completed her masters degree. Chadwyck-Healey, 1987. The organization was involved early in the womens suffrage movement, and was formed in Howard University on January 13, 1913. You will be welcomed with open arms because we would love to experience sisterhood with you! In and out of school, she took advantage of every opportunity possible during this fairly carefree time in her life and even visited Washington, D.C. where she would meet Frederick Douglas, a lifelong friend. Terrell, Mary Church: A to Z of Women: American Women Leaders and Activists Credo Reference. 2016. https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/fofwlaase/terrell_mary_church/0. When refused service, they promptly filed a lawsuit. The Library of Congress believes that many of the papers in the Mary Church Terrell collection are in the public domain or have no known copyright restrictions. However, when Mary Church Terrell's Howard University group announced their intention to participate, the public became aware of this internal conflict. Through family connections and social networking, Terrell met many influential black activists of her day, including Booker T. Washington, director of the influential Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Mary Church was one of the first Black women in the United States to receive a college degree, graduated from Oberlin College with a Bachelors degree in classics and masters degree four years later in 1888. This dynamic group of women have remained at the Tarrah Wade, MBA di LinkedIn: Today, we recognize and celebrate the many amazing contributions of Delta For guidance about compiling full citations consult Citing Primary Sources. Women--Societies and clubs, - Collections of the Library of Congress . She was instrumental in the groups merge with the National Federation of Afro-American Women to form the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) in 1896. She delivered the speech in French, and concluded with the English version. Who Am I Quiz I am a concert artist. In 1888 she completed her masters degree. In 1940, Terrell released her autobiography entitled AColored Woman in a White World, and in her later years, she helped organize desegregation activities in Washington, D.C. Education and Career: Mary Church Terrell was one of the first black women to earn a college degree in the United States, graduating with a Bachelor in the Classics from Oberlin College and a Masters degree four years later in 1888. It is my sincere honor and privilege to serve as the 8th Chapter President of Smithfield Alumnae Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated for the 2021 2023 biennium. [Manuscript/Mixed Material] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/mss425490265/. AND THE LULU CORKHILL WILLIAMS FRIENDSHIP FUND, SORORITY WOMEN WHO HAVE WON MISS AMERICA AND MISS USA, STATE GOVERNORS WHO HAVE BEEN SORORITY WOMEN, SORORITY WOMEN ON THE ROAD TO MISS AMERICA 2023 (2022 STATE WINNERS), SORORITY WOMEN COMPETING IN MISS USA 2022 AND MISS TEEN USA 2022, Fraternity and Sorority Members Competing in the 2021 Tokyo Olympics, The State by State Tour of Graves, Founding Sites, and HQs for NPC GLOs, Anna J. Cooper on Alpha Kappa Alphas Founding Day. 2009 Terrell was among 12 pioneers of civil rights commemorated in a United States Postal Service postage stamp series. The first Black woman to be a Board member was Terrell. In 1913 Terrell joined the Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, which had recently been formed, at Howard University. 2018 Oberlin College named its main library the Mary Church Terrell Main Library. [15] When she married Robert "Berto" Heberton Terrell in 1891 she was forced to resign from her position at the M Street School where her new husband also taught. (1982). 2009 2021ARound Robin Production Company. Use the search button to find the posts about your organization. Whose sources include: Dr. Rosalyn Terborg-Penns information about their role and contributions to the suffrage movement in Notable American Women (Belknap Press of Harvard University). [7][8], Terrell majored in Classics at Oberlin College,[9] the first college in the United States to accept African American and female students. Terrell believed that, when compared to white women, African American women has to overcome not only their sex, but race as well. Movement, and purchased his first marriage, to Margaret Pico Church began. By Edith Mayo, for the white House, page 95 born Mary E. Church a... 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